Friday, October 23. 2009
Fall of the Republic by Alex Jones (HQ full length version)Fall Of The Republic documents how an offshore corporate cartel is bankrupting the US economy by design. Leaders are now declaring that world government has arrived and that the dollar will be replaced by a new global currency.
President Obama has brazenly violated Article 1 Section 9 of the US Constitution by seating himself at the head of United Nations' Security Council, thus becoming the first US president to chair the world body.
A scientific dictatorship is in its final stages of completion, and laws protecting basic human rights are being abolished worldwide; an iron curtain of high-tech tyranny is now descending over the planet.
A worldwide regime controlled by an unelected corporate elite is implementing a planetary carbon tax system that will dominate all human activity and establish a system of neo-feudal slavery.
The image makers have carefully packaged Obama as the world's savior; he is the Trojan Horse manufactured to pacify the people just long enough for the globalists to complete their master plan.
This film reveals the architecture of the New World Order and what the power elite have in store for humanity. More importantly it communicates how We The People can retake control of our government, turn the criminal tide and bring the tyrants to justice.
Tuesday, October 13. 2009
Confidential Memos Indicate Oil SDR Pricing Shift Would Be "Most Damaging" To United States
Zero Hedge | A recently declassified, formerly Confidential, 30 year old memo prepared by Henry Owen for President Jimmy Carter's eyes only, highlights the perils facing the United States if oil were to be priced in SDRs instead of dollars, a topic which is all the rage today as rumors are swirling that this is an imminent transition to be "put" upon the United States.
In response to your request, we have considered, and discussed with other agencies, whether the US should favor use of SDRs instead of dollars, to pay for cure oil... I have concluded that dollar pricing should be maintained -- a view that is shared by State, Treasury and CEA.
The reasons:
1. An announcement that dollars were no longer being used as the unit of account in paying for oil would trigger selling of dollars on the foreign exchange markets. So we would suffer.
2. I don't see any offsetting gain, since OPEC would probably raise prices in SDR terms, as necessary to recover revenue losses if the SDR appreciated relative to the dollar.
And the conclusion:
We might be able to persuade the OPEC countries to make the shift if the dollar weakened but that's precisely when the move would be most damaging to us.
Poor Mr. Owen- little did he realize that a mere 3 decades after this memo was penned, the administration would be consumed by a bunch of Wall Street pandering, middle class extortionists, who seek nothing else than to inflate the trillions of toxic "asset" loans that make up the broken backbone of the American financial system. It would come as no surprise if the move is now in fact spearheaded by the same administration which has no other purpose in life than to destroy what little savings Americans have and to throw all their cash to prop up artificially inflated equity prices so that insiders can sell their stock at agreeable levels, and so the toxic companies can use the run up to issue follow on offerings, moderating their untenable debt holdings.
Oil Priced in SDRs
Even more troubling, in another declassified memo, former Undersecretary of the Treasury and President of the New York Fed, Anthony Solomon, reaches this damning conclusion:
The choice of the unit of account for oil pricing is basically under the producing countries' control. There is no particular economic reason why a shift from the dollar would be contrary to U.S. interest -- unless the dollar were to depreciate significant in relation to the currencies in the pricing basket. But there could be major psychological effects. Given the unsettled conditions in the foreign exchange market [TD: so true today, 30 years later], such a step at this time could be interpreted as a lack of confidence in the dollar and as presaging a shift in OPEC investment policy away from the dollar. It could precipitate a serious market reaction.
Memo to President Carter regarding Saudi concerns about $US
Alas, even President Carter, seen by many as one of the worst American president in American history was smart enough to not bury his own middle class at the expense of landed Wall Street interests. It is a pity that his current incarnation, advised by the Bernanke-Summers-Geithner think tank, has such diametrically opposing motivations.
Monday, October 12. 2009
Central banks snubbing dollar, favoring euro and yen
Bloomberg | Central banks flush with record reserves are increasingly snubbing dollars in favor of euros and yen, further pressuring the greenback after its biggest two-quarter rout in almost two decades.Policy makers boosted foreign currency holdings by $413 billion last quarter, the most since at least 2003, to $7.3 trillion, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. Nations that report currency breakdowns put 63 percent of the new cash into euros and yen in April, May, and June, Barclays Capital data show. That’s the highest percentage in any quarter with more than an $80 billion increase.
World leaders are acting on threats to dump the dollar, while the Obama administration shows a willingness to tolerate a weaker currency in an effort to boost exports and the US economy, as long as it doesn’t drive away creditors. The diversification signals the currency won’t rebound anytime soon, after losing 10.3 percent on a trade-weighted basis the past six months, the biggest drop since 1991.
“Global central banks are getting more serious about diversification, whereas in the past they used to just talk about it,’’ said Steven Englander, chief US currency strategist at Barclays. “It looks like they are really backing away from the dollar.’’
The dollar’s 37 percent share of new reserves fell from about a 63 percent average since 1999.
America’s currency has been under siege as the Treasury sells a record amount of debt to finance a budget deficit of $1.4 trillion in fiscal 2009.
Foreign companies are starting to say their economies are being hurt by the weak dollar. The economies of Japan and Europe depend on exports that get more expensive whenever the greenback slumps.
Wednesday, October 7. 2009
United States Calls for Rigorous IMF Surveillance
ABC News | U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner on Tuesday called on the International Monetary Fund to provide rigorous surveillance to spot new investment bubbles and keep country foreign exchange policies in line with goals to rebalance the global economy.In remarks prepared for delivery to the IMF and World Bank annual meetings here, Geithner said the IMF needed to help police economic and currency policies among the Group of 20 developed and emerging countries.
"The IMF will need to be a truth-teller," Geithner said in the remarks, which were to be delivered by Treasury Acting Assistant Secretary Mark Sobel.
"For the IMF, this means that rigorous surveillance must help us shed light on trends that could lead to the next unsustainable boom," Geithner said. "Under the new G20 framework for strong, sustainable and balanced growth, the IMF must provide forward-looking analysis of whether the world's major countries are implementing economic policies, including exchange rate policies, which are collectively consistent with G20 objectives."
Geithner said the global economy was stabilizing and showing initial signs of recovery but conditions remained fragile. He said the international community had recognized that "the world cannot return to a pattern of uneven growth, characterized by an excessive reliance on a single engine of consumption-led growth, while others relied heavily on external demand."
"First and foremost, the responsibility for tackling these problems rests with sovereign governments, including my own," he said.
Geithner added that the IMF and World Bank needed to enhance their legitimacy and the United States was "delighted" with international commitments for a shift of at least 5 percent in IMF quota share toward "dynamic underrepresented countries" by January 2011 and by a call to shift at least 3 percent of voting power in the World Bank by spring 2010.
Geithner called the World Bank the "centerpiece" of the multilateral development system, but said it will need to focus more on building resilience to crises and laying foundations for prosperity, with a special focus on support for the poorest, Geithner said.
"With concessional financing deploying more quickly, donors must commit to successful and timely replenishments of IDA and the African Development Fund, Geithner said. "When considering the MDB capital requests, we must recognize the importance of maintaining the IBRD's financial soundness."
He said the World Bank must more actively prioritize work on three emerging global priorities: agriculture and food security, support in the most fragile environments, and facilitating a transition to a green economy.
Tuesday, October 6. 2009
The Demise of the DollarBy Robert Fisk

Secret meetings have already been held by finance ministers and central bank governors in Russia, China, Japan and Brazil to work on the scheme, which will mean that oil will no longer be priced in dollars.
The plans, confirmed to The Independent by both Gulf Arab and Chinese banking sources in Hong Kong, may help to explain the sudden rise in gold prices, but it also augurs an extraordinary transition from dollar markets within nine years.
The Americans, who are aware the meetings have taken place – although they have not discovered the details – are sure to fight this international cabal which will include hitherto loyal allies Japan and the Gulf Arabs. Against the background to these currency meetings, Sun Bigan, China's former special envoy to the Middle East, has warned there is a risk of deepening divisions between China and the US over influence and oil in the Middle East. "Bilateral quarrels and clashes are unavoidable," he told the Asia and Africa Review. "We cannot lower vigilance against hostility in the Middle East over energy interests and security."
This sounds like a dangerous prediction of a future economic war between the US and China over Middle East oil – yet again turning the region's conflicts into a battle for great power supremacy. China uses more oil incrementally than the US because its growth is less energy efficient. The transitional currency in the move away from dollars, according to Chinese banking sources, may well be gold. An indication of the huge amounts involved can be gained from the wealth of Abu Dhabi, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Qatar who together hold an estimated $2.1 trillion in dollar reserves.
The decline of American economic power linked to the current global recession was implicitly acknowledged by the World Bank president Robert Zoellick. "One of the legacies of this crisis may be a recognition of changed economic power relations," he said in Istanbul ahead of meetings this week of the IMF and World Bank. But it is China's extraordinary new financial power – along with past anger among oil-producing and oil-consuming nations at America's power to interfere in the international financial system – which has prompted the latest discussions involving the Gulf states.
Brazil has shown interest in collaborating in non-dollar oil payments, along with India. Indeed, China appears to be the most enthusiastic of all the financial powers involved, not least because of its enormous trade with the Middle East.
China imports 60 per cent of its oil, much of it from the Middle East and Russia. The Chinese have oil production concessions in Iraq – blocked by the US until this year – and since 2008 have held an $8bn agreement with Iran to develop refining capacity and gas resources. China has oil deals in Sudan (where it has substituted for US interests) and has been negotiating for oil concessions with Libya, where all such contracts are joint ventures.
Furthermore, Chinese exports to the region now account for no fewer than 10 per cent of the imports of every country in the Middle East, including a huge range of products from cars to weapon systems, food, clothes, even dolls. In a clear sign of China's growing financial muscle, the president of the European Central Bank, Jean-Claude Trichet, yesterday pleaded with Beijing to let the yuan appreciate against a sliding dollar and, by extension, loosen China's reliance on US monetary policy, to help rebalance the world economy and ease upward pressure on the euro.
Ever since the Bretton Woods agreements – the accords after the Second World War which bequeathed the architecture for the modern international financial system – America's trading partners have been left to cope with the impact of Washington's control and, in more recent years, the hegemony of the dollar as the dominant global reserve currency.
The Chinese believe, for example, that the Americans persuaded Britain to stay out of the euro in order to prevent an earlier move away from the dollar. But Chinese banking sources say their discussions have gone too far to be blocked now. "The Russians will eventually bring in the rouble to the basket of currencies," a prominent Hong Kong broker told The Independent. "The Brits are stuck in the middle and will come into the euro. They have no choice because they won't be able to use the US dollar."
Chinese financial sources believe President Barack Obama is too busy fixing the US economy to concentrate on the extraordinary implications of the transition from the dollar in nine years' time. The current deadline for the currency transition is 2018.
The US discussed the trend briefly at the G20 summit in Pittsburgh; the Chinese Central Bank governor and other officials have been worrying aloud about the dollar for years. Their problem is that much of their national wealth is tied up in dollar assets.
"These plans will change the face of international financial transactions," one Chinese banker said. "America and Britain must be very worried. You will know how worried by the thunder of denials this news will generate."
Iran announced late last month that its foreign currency reserves would henceforth be held in euros rather than dollars. Bankers remember, of course, what happened to the last Middle East oil producer to sell its oil in euros rather than dollars. A few months after Saddam Hussein trumpeted his decision, the Americans and British invaded Iraq.
Monday, October 5. 2009
“When You Own Gold You’re Fighting Every Central Bank in the World”Jim Rickards, director of market intelligence for scientific consulting firm Omnis, shares his outlook for the dollar.
Jim cracks the code of "Fed Speak" to tell us what is really going on with the Global Banking Elite and their plans for the future.
Sunday, October 4. 2009
World Bank could run out of money 'within 12 months'
Telegraph | The Bank, whose job it is to support low-income countries, has had to hand out so much cash in the wake of the financial crisis that its resources could run dry within 12 months.“By the middle of next year we will face serious constraints,” said its president Robert Zoellick, as he launched a major campaign to persuade rich nations to pour more money into the Washington-based institution.
He conceded that such a task was likely to be extremely difficult, given the difficulties facing countries in the wake of the developed world’s biggest recession since the Second World War. However, Mr Zoellick, speaking at the opening of the IMF and World Bank annual meetings in Istanbul, said the Bank needed a capital increase of as much as $11.1bn (£6.9bn) to keep functioning. He said he hoped that its shareholders, including the UK and other leading nations, would decide on resources before its spring meeting next April.
The money would be shared between the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development – the key part of the bank, which lends to poor nations – and the International Financial Corporation (IFC), which lends to companies.
Mr Zoellick said: “We recognise that all countries are under budgetary strain and it is not an easy time to be asking for these things”.
He said that a shortfall of cash for the IFC was a cause for particular concern, Mr Zoellick added, “because one of the issues in this recovery is the hand-off from government stimulus programs to private-sector development.”
The Bank has had to lend significantly more cash than the three-year $100bn programme it committed to last year because of the virulence of the financial and economic crisis. The majority of the money has been spent ensuring the survival of the most vulnerable nations.
Sunday, June 28. 2009
Obama Signing Statement on $106 Billion War Bill Protects the World Bank and IMF From OversightEditor: For anyone who still is in denial that Obama is a pawn for the globalists, here is your proof. Obama added a $5 billion payout to the IMF that will in turn help them loan out more money to other countries. What this has to do with War funding is beyond me, except to fund more black-ops takeovers like the failed coup in Iran. So the global banking cabal gets money without any stipulations or oversight on where the money is going. What ever happened to Obama's promise of transparency?
Obama issues signing statement on $106B war bill
By Michael O'Brien
The Hill | President Obama signed the $106 billion war-spending bill into law Friday, but not without taking a page from his predecessor and ignoring a few elements in the legislation.Obama included a five-paragraph signing statement with the bill, including a final paragraph that outlined his objections to at least four areas of the bill.
President George W. Bush was heavily criticized for his use of signing statements, declaring he'd ignore some elements of legislation by invoking presidential prerogative.
The Obama administration announced in the statement it would disregard provisions of the legislation that, among other things, would compel the Obama administration to pressure the World Bank to strengthen labor and environmental standards and require the Treasury department to report to Congress on the activities of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF).
"Provisions of this bill...would interfere with my constitutional authority to conduct foreign relations by directing the Executive to take certain positions in negotiations or discussions with international organizations and foreign governments, or by requiring consultation with the Congress prior to such negotiations or discussions," Obama said in a statement.
"I will not treat these provisions as limiting my ability to engage in foreign diplomacy or negotiations," he added.
The sections in question would compel the administration to direct its World Bank representatives to pressure that institution to use metrics that "fairly represent the value of internationally recognized workers' rights. Organized labor groups had pushed for a revision of those standards.
The World Bank section would also push the bank to account for the costs of greenhouse gas in pricing out projects, and would require development banks to more fully disclose operating budgets.
The other section would require Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner to develop a report with the heads of the World Bank and IMF "detailing the steps taken to coordinate the activities of the World Bank and the Fund" to eliminate overlap between the two.
According to the University of California at Santa Barbara's "American Presidency Project," Obama has issued five other signing statements since taking office.
Friday, April 3. 2009
Obama Hails The New World OrderBy Andrew Grice, Nigel Morris and Sean O'Grady
The Independent | Gordon Brown declared that a $1 trillion package to stimulate economic growth agreed at yesterday's G20 summit in London will ensure that the world pulls out of recession more quickly.
Speaking after the one-day summit of the world's richest nations in the Docklands, the Prime Minister said there were "no quick fixes", adding: "Today's decisions will not immediately solve the crisis. But we have begun the process by which it will be solved."
He said: "This is the day that the world came together to fight back against the global recession, not with words, but with a plan for global recovery and for reform and with a clear timetable for its delivery."
The US President Barack Obama played a key role in brokering the agreement, resolving tensions between China and France on tax havens.
The $1trn will be made available to countries that run into trouble via the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank and World Trade Organisation, which will all be beefed up. Half the money will come from IMF loans, with $250bn to finance trade deals and a further $250bn from the IMF's currency reserve.
Mr Brown and President Obama originally wanted the G20 summit to call for higher government spending and tax cuts, but they ran into opposition from European nations, led by Germany and France. However, the summit kept open the option of such action in 2010 if the $5trn fiscal stimulus scheme does not work. The IMF will have a new role in monitoring whether countries are doing enough to help the world economy grow at about 4 per cent a year.
G20 leaders will meet again to review progress, probably in New York in September, to coincide with the annual meeting of the United Nations General Assembly.
Last night British ministers said the real significance of yesterday's agreement was not the $1trn package but the enhanced role it gave to world institutions like the IMF, whose budget will triple to $750bn. "A new world financial order has been born, almost by accident, because of this crisis," one cabinet minister said. "These bodies have been revamped; now they need to raise their game."
The IMF will no longer be regarded as a last-resort option for nations facing bankruptcy, but will instead take preventative action. Many nations have been reluctant to turn to the fund because the stigma of doing so sends bad signals to the financial markets.
The special drawing rights (SDRs) made available by the IMF – which can be converted by national governments into currency to provide a swift injection of liquidity into their economies – will be increased by a further $250bn. The funds will be used in the short term to support the precarious economies of eastern and central Europe. Romania and Turkey are the latest nations to seek help from the IMF; others in recent months include Ukraine, Pakistan, Iceland and Latvia. The IMF has expressed acute concern that a crisis in these economies could spread via the banks to western European countries.
China is playing a notably bigger role, pledging $40bn for the improvement in the IMF's resourcing. Most of the rest comes from the US and Europe. China has publicly called for an increased role for the IMF's own "world currency", the SDR. A long-awaited reform of the governance of the IMF should deliver China more votes and influence.
Last night President Obama hailed the meeting as "a turning point in our pursuit of global economic recovery". He told the press: "By any measure, the London summit was historic. It was historic because of the size and the scope of the challenge that we face and because of the timeliness and the magnitude of our response."
Monday, November 17. 2008
Bank "Supervisors" Proposed At G20 Summit
World leaders have laid the foundation for reforms to the international financial system at the G20 summit in the United States

The summit conclusions adopted on Saturday in the US capital identify around 50 different areas for action. But the outcome was not the "reinvention of the international financial system" envisaged by French President Nicolas Sarkozy and the European Union.
There had been speculation that the gathering would become Bretton Woods II, following on from the 1944 conference that created the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.
The issues it did address ranged from the regulation of speculative investment funds, so-called hedge funds, to the coordination of national tax incentive measures.
Responding to the summit outcome, the Swiss foreign ministry announced it hoped to take part in future talks on the decisions taken and had written to US counterparts informing them of Switzerland's desire to be involved.
More supervision
The summit's 12-page final conclusions focus particularly on improving international cooperation, a goal that would include the creation of "supervisory colleges" - bodies comprising representatives of regulatory authorities - in order to "strengthen supervision" for all major cross-border financial institutions.
The idea is that the largest banks would confer regularly with their supervisory colleges about their activities and evaluate the risks they face. No banks were mentioned by name in the summit conclusions but according to the US government, which is behind this measure and the concept of supervisory colleges, it would encompass the world's 30 biggest banks.
Swiss foreign ministry spokesman Roland Meier said the government had noted the summit conclusions with interest, adding: "We hope that the major financial centres are integrated into this process."
He dismissed Switzerland's absence from the summit, despite being one of the world's major financial centres, as simply "a matter of policy".
G20 IN AGREEMENT
G20 leaders agreed to take rapid action, including fiscal stimulus measures as needed, to stabilise financial markets and restore growth in the worsening global economy. They also support giving emerging markets more say in the global financial order. G20 finance ministers were instructed to work on specifics by March 31, ahead of the next summit.
The leaders backed:
- Fiscal measures to boost demand rapidly
- Monetary policy steps as appropriate
- More funds for the IMF to support emerging economies
- To strive for a breakthrough this year in the Doha round of trade talks
- Reform of Bretton Woods institutions to give emerging economies more of a voice in line with their changing economic weight
- Colleges of supervisors to review major global banks
- A review of accountancy standards, CEO pay, bankruptcy rules, credit rating agencies and moving credit default swaps to exchange trading.
The G20 includes the seven major industrialised nations, the European Union, and Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea and Turkey.
A first step
"It was a productive and successful summit," said US President George Bush, who welcomed in particular the G20 feeling that capitalism and free trade, together with some regulation, were the best means of ensuring growth, employment and poverty reduction.
Bush and the other G20 leaders stressed however that the Washington summit was just a first step. They instructed their ministers to draw up detailed proposals in the 50 areas for action by March 31, before a possible second summit in April. More specifics about the supervisory colleges are not expected to surface until the spring.
By that time US President-elect Barack Obama will have had three months to become familiar with the intricacies of power and the economic crisis.
On Saturday Bush said he would update his successor on the summit decisions. The outgoing president has also promised to "work tirelessly" for the smooth transition between his government and the incumbent.
President-elect Obama, who was represented at the summit by two emissaries, including former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, has said the global economic crisis requires an international response.
New era
The only concrete result of the summit came when Japan announced a loan of $100 billion (SFr119 billion) to the IMF to help developing countries that are struggling because of the global crisis.
Welcoming Japan's "leadership" and "commitment towards multilateralism", IMF boss Dominique Strauss-Khan said he hoped that other countries would now support the work of the IMF.
It was the first time that the G20, a group formed in 1999, gathered at the level of heads of state and government. The event emphasised not only the seriousness of the current crisis but also the growing importance of emerging economies such as China, India or Brazil.
It also confirms the advent of the European Union as a full partner in the international community. In this regard, German Chancellor Angela Merkel spoke on Saturday of a "beginning of a new era" in international cooperation.
Nevertheless, the president of the World Bank, Robert Zoellick, warned that the integration of emerging countries should not come at the expense of the poorest countries.
"This is a positive step to see the leaders of developed countries meeting those of emerging economic powers, but the poorest developing countries should not be ignored," he said.
He added that "the current crisis is not resolved and long-term solutions will not be implemented by accepting a world that runs at two speeds".
SUMMIT CONCLUSIONS
ECONOMIC ACTION:
"More needs to be done to stabilise financial markets and support economic growth. Economic momentum is slowing substantially in major economies and the global outlook has weakened."
"Against this background of deteriorating economic conditions we agreed that a broader policy response is needed."
GLOBAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS:
"We are committed to advancing the reform of the Bretton Woods institutions so that they can more adequately reflect changing weights in the world economy in order to increase their legitimacy and effectiveness. In this respect, emerging and developing economies, including the poorest countries, should have greater voice and representation."
TRADE TALKS
"We underscore the critical importance of rejecting protectionism and not turning inward in times of financial uncertainty."
"We shall strive to reach agreement this year on modalities that lead to a successful conclusion to the WTO's Doha Development Agenda with an ambitious and balanced outcome. We instruct our trade ministers to achieve this outcome."
REGULATORY RULES:
"We will implement reforms that will strengthen financial markets and regulatory regimes so as to avoid future crises."
Regulation is firstly a national responsibility but international cooperation will be strengthened, the summit conclusions stated.
Sunday, November 2. 2008
Bretton Woods II: UN Calls For New Monetary Order
Associated Press | UNITED NATIONS—Diplomats and economists are pressing for new global financial rules, seeking an update of the World War II-era system created at New Hampshire’s Bretton Woods.
Nobel Prize-winning economist Joseph E. Stiglitz of Columbia University told the U.N. General Assembly that “this is a global crisis and it requires a global response.”
U.N. General Assembly President Miguel d’Escoto Brockmann convened a debate on the global financial meltdown to position the world organization squarely at the center of a possible fix.
Development economist and former U.N. official Sakiko Fukuda-Parr of the New School said that “global solutions are needed.”
At the 1944 Bretton Woods conference of major powers in New Hampshire, the U.S.-led negotiations spawned the two major sister U.N. institutions, the International Monetary Fund and World Bank.
See video: http://www.cnbc.com/id/15840232?video=912963848
Monday, October 27. 2008
Asia Eyes Bigger Stake In New World Order
The Economic Times | Asian leaders will find the first global summit on the current financial turmoil a perfect venue to demand a key stake for the region in any new international financial system, experts say.
As Europe and the US clash over their leadership role in framing a new international financial architecture at the November 15 meeting in Washington, Asians feel they have much of a stake in the stability of the global system as the industrialised countries, the experts said.
"The big question is how you can restructure the international economic regime in a way that makes countries such as India and China feel that they not only have a stake but also have real influence," said Eswar Prasad, former head of the China division at the International Monetary Fund.
The Washinton-based IMF has often been criticised as increasingly unrepresentative of the global economy, with emerging economies, especially Asian ones, chronically underweighted in their voting shares. "The problem with the Bretton Woods institutions in the way they are currently structured is that these major economies feel that those institutions are still the fiefdoms of the US in particular and advanced economies in general," Prasad said.
The IMF and the World Bank are institutions established under the Bretton Woods agreement, which has guided international finance since World War II but which mainly European leaders want rewritten after a massive US home mortgage meltdown sparked the world's worst financial crisis since the Great Depression.
US President George W Bush has called for a series of summits, beginning with the November 15 talks, to discuss the causes of the problems in the global financial system and begin developing reform for financial regulatory bodies and institutions.
Leaders from China, Japan, India, Australia, South Korea and Indonesia are the Asian regional invitees to the summit, that also include the US, the European Union, Britain, France, Germany, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Italy, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa and Turkey.
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